stimulus receptor/ action
Accessory Structures à Receptor Surface à output neurons à
energy generator potentials
potential
Translation à transduction à transmission à
Receptors
Type 1: specialized endings of sensory nerve fibers
transmit to somatosensory; proprioceptive and olfactory systems
Type 2: specialized receptor cells that connect via synapses to afferent nerve fibers
auditory, vestibular and gustatory systems
Type 3: specialized receptor cells that synapse with intermediatory cells, then nerve fibers
visual system
Stimulus à receptor cells à structural change à opening/closing
in membrane of ion channels
activated
molecules conductance change and
change in resting membrane potential
mechano receptors – mechanically gated ion channels
all other receptors – chemically gated ion channels
|
Receptor potentials |
Action potentials |
|
Mechanical/chemical gates Graded response No refractory period Greater than 1-2 ms Conducted passively |
Voltage gated All or nothing Refractory period 1-2 ms Regenerated and propagated |
Coding of stimulus timing and duration à summation and adaption
Receptors fractionate (divide) the entire stimulus range into smaller blocks, allowing for coding of stimulus quality.
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