Darkthorn’s Blog

- Tetrodoxin blocks Na+ channels, nifedipine blocks Ca2+ channels
- voltage gated channel family – membrane spanning protein with 4 subunits with 6 membrane spanning domains each.
- S4 senses membrane voltage, S2 forms conducting pore
- opening/closing regulated by membrane potential
- other ion channels – cation – cellular activity, ion channel properties, spontaneous transmitter release, [...]

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- dimensions of color – visual system deals with variations in brightness, hue and saturation, independent of the levels of ambient light
- what you see about an object depends on the context in which it is placed
- reflects the same amount of light, but differs in perceived darkness
- illusory contours
- the visual image focused [...]

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- The hypothalamus generates homeostatic and behavioural responses to ‘interoreceptive’ stimuli
- humeral, secretion of hormones
- visceromotor, changes in the nervous system
- somatic motor, behavioral responses
- long term control of energy balance
- dual center model for regulation of feeding
- Frohlich’s syndrome – injury to the pituitary gland (WRONG!)
- role of the hypothalamus (Hetherington and Ranson)
- [...]

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- language is a creative process using sounds, symbols and rules to create meanings
- language is innate, and has a specific development period (<6-7 years)
- animal sounds are steriotyped and not unique
- monkeys do not use cortical regions for communication, use brain stem
- critical period is bird song development, otherwise the sounds produced are meaningless
- [...]

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stimulus receptor/ action
Accessory Structures à Receptor Surface à output neurons à
energy generator potentials
potential
Translation à transduction à transmission à

Receptors
Type 1: specialized endings of sensory nerve fibers
transmit to somatosensory; proprioceptive and olfactory systems
Type 2: specialized receptor cells that connect via synapses to afferent nerve fibers
auditory, vestibular and [...]

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Temporal Summation – in order to produce a reaction, the first stimulus provides a hump for the second to leap off and reach threshold.
Spatial Summation – when there are two connections though a dendrite and the cell body (first provides hump)
Simultaneous Stimulation – two connections though the cell body make it easy to reach threshold
Facilitation [...]

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Muscle Structure and Contractile Properties
- Muscle fibre – cellular element, multinucleate, each innervated, sarcomere as a functional division
- Sarcolemma – cell membrane
- Sarcoplamic reticulum – source of Ca2+ that surrounds each myofibril
- Myofibril – bundles of actin and myosin
- T-tubules – ramifying tubular system that carried the depolarization of the sarcolemma internally to each [...]

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- chemical senses – oldest and most common form of sensory system
- pheromones released for chemosensory information/communication
- reproductive behavior, identification, aggression
- chemoreceptors – generate neural signals on binding with particular chemicals
- provide quality control for injestion
Taste
- tongue, mouth, palate, pharynx, epiglottis
- taste and smell are intertwined to detect flavor
- all tastes are combinations of [...]

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- skeletal muscle – highly efficient and adaptable
- energy and metabolism, heater, pump, movement and posture
- muscle fibres grouped into bundles
- somatic motor system – skeletal muscles and the part of the motor system that control them
- lower motor neurons – project from spinal cord
- alpha motor neurons – muscle force generation
- gamma motor [...]

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Christianity – Logbook Exercise 5.3
In what ways is fundamentalism a response to modernity? Is it accurate to say the fundamentalism is only a defensive and negative response to modernity? If not, in what ways does fundamentalism respond to modernity?
It is clear that fundamentalism is a way in which conservative and evangelical groups are emerging [...]

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